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Most investors sell one property and simply replace it with another one. Occasionally, however, an investor wants to buy a number of new properties to complete their exchange. This can make the exchange complicated.

The identification rules of a 1031 exchange provide that you can identify three properties without any limitations. In other words, you could sell your Old Property for $100,000 and identify three new properties for $10,000,000 each, for a total of $30,000,000. This is OK.

If you identify more than three properties, however, the IRS rules change. In this case, the rules require that the total combined purchase price of everything on your list can not exceed twice the selling price of your Old Property. So now, continuing our example, if you identify four or more properties, the total combined purchase price of all of the properties on your list can not exceed $200,000 (i.e., $100,000 times 2).

As Reverse 1031 Exchanges gain in popularity, the issue of financing becomes more and more critical.

Reverse Exchange loans are not saleable by the lender, so as a result, most reverse loans are made by “portfolio lenders” which are usually banks. Still, most banks don’t understand them, and so they shy away from them. 
First, let’s talk about how Reverse Exchanges work. A Reverse Exchange happens when you want, or need, to purchase your New Property before you’ve sold your Old Property. The IRS will not let you be in title to both the old property and the new property at the same time, so your exchange Qualified Intermediary steps in and buys (usually) your New Property and then holds it, or “parks” it until your Old Property is sold.

There are not many Qualified Intermediaries that have the technical know-how and trained personnel to do Reverse Exchanges, so before you start, make sure that they have the knowledge and experience to handle your exchange.

Up until the IRS approved Reverse 1031 Exchanges in a ruling (Rev. Procedure 2000-37) issued in September, 2000, many people, especially tax professionals, were skeptical of them. Now, however, even though there is lots of talk about them, many people really don’t know exactly what a Reverse Exchange is and how it works.

Reverse Exchanges arise when you want to (or need to) buy your New Property before you’ve sold your Old Property. The problem is that the IRS will not let you be in title to both your Old Property and your New Property at the same time. This situation, then, gives rise to a Reverse Exchange.

To refinance or not to refinance: this is the common question many 1031 exchangers ask. By refinancing, exchangers are usually hoping to pull money (cash) out of their sale transaction to use for purposes other than investing in new 1031 property.

To answer the question, we need to understand the timing of the refinance. Based on the whether you, the taxpayer, are pulling money from the old, relinquished property or from the new, replacement property, the IRS has varying positions.

When refinancing the old property, a key 1031 exchange requirement drives the IRS’ position. The taxpayer cannot receive, touch or control the funds generated from the sale of the old property during the period until the purchase of the new property. Does refinancing the old property right before the exchange constitute “receiving money”?